Factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of <i>Calanus sinicus</i> in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring -- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2022,40(1):173-182

	Cite this paper:
	Yanqing WANG, Zhencheng TAO, Chaolun LI, Mengtan LIU. Factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2022, 40(1): 173-182

Factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring

Yanqing WANG^1,3, Zhencheng TAO^1,2,6, Chaolun LI^2,5,6,7, Mengtan LIU^1,4

1 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
2 Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;
3 Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
4 Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
5 Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
6 Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
7 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

The factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of copepod Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea (YS) and the East China Sea (ECS) were examined in this study. In spring, there were significant differences between these two regions for both environmental conditions and food availability. Such regional difference significantly influenced the lipid and fatty acid profiles of C. sinicus. Our results show that C. sinicus has a higher lipids content in ECS, especially for wax ester and triglyceride lipids, indicating a more active and efficient predation. According to BIO-ENV analysis, the variation of lipids profiles may be influenced majorly by water temperature. Moreover, the fatty acids (FAs) profiles of C. sinicus were also different between YS and ECS, especially in the four major contributors, C22:1ω11, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA), and C20:1ω9. The considerable amounts of self-biosynthesized FAs of herbivorous copepod (C22:1ω11 and C20:1ω9) and low DHA/EPA ratio may indicate that C. sinicus in ECS feed mainly on phytoplankton comparing to those in YS. The fatty acid profiles of C. sinicus were affected by the differences in food availability.

Key words: Calanus sinicus|lipid storage|wax ester|fatty acid composition|Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Received: 2020-09-16 Revised:

Tools

PDF (1023 KB) Free

Print this page

Add to favorites

Email this article to others

Authors

Articles by Yanqing WANG

Articles by Zhencheng TAO

Articles by Chaolun LI

Articles by Mengtan LIU

References:
Arts M T, Robarts R D, Evans M S. 1993. Energy reserve lipids of zooplanktonic crustaceans from an oligotrophic saline lake in relation to food resources and temperature. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50(11): 2 404-2 420, https://doi.org/10.1139/f93-265.
Baumgartner M F, Tarrant A M, Annual R. 2017. The physiology and ecology of diapause in marine copepods. Annual Review of Marine Science, 9: 387-411, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060505.
Clark K A J, Brierley A S, Pond D W. 2012. Composition of wax esters is linked to diapause behavior of Calanus finmarchicus in a sea loch environment. Limnology and Oceanography, 57(1): 65-75, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0065.
Clarke K R, Ainsworth M. 1993. A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 92(3): 205-219, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps092205.
Dalsgaard J, St. John M, Kattner G, Müller-Navarra D, Hagen W. 2003. Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment. Advances in Marine Biology, 46: 225-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(03)46005-7.
Diel S, Tande K. 1992. Does the spawning of Calanus finmarchicus in high latitudes follow a reproducible pattern? Marine Biology, 113(1): 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367634.
Ding J J, Xu K D. 2012. Community structure and distribution of pelagic nanoflagellates and ciliates and their relationship with jellyfish occurrence in southern Yellow Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 43(3): 527-538. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Escribano R, McLaren I A. 1992. Influence of food and temperature on lenghts and weights of marine copepods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 159(1): 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90259-D.
Field J G, Clarke K R, Warwick R M. 1982. A practical strategy for analysing multispecies distribution patterns. Marine Ecology Progress, 8: 37-52, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps008037.
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley G H. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226(1): 497-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5.
Gillooly J F, Brown J H, West G B, Savage V M, Charnov E L. 2001. Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate. Science, 293(5538): 2 248-2 251, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1061967.
Graeve M, Albers C, Kattner G. 2005. Assimilation and biosynthesis of lipids in Arctic Calanus species based on feeding experiments with a 13C labelled diatom. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 317(1): 109-125.
Hagen W. 2000. Lipids. In: Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal H R, Huntley M eds. ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual. Academic Press, California. p.113-119.
Hakanson J L. 1984. The effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of some copepods from Xiamen Harbour. Limnology and Oceanography, 29(4): 794-804, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.4.0794.
Huang J Q, Zheng Z. 1986. The effects of temperature andsalinity on the survival of some copepods from Xia Men harbour. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, (2): 161-167. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Hygum B H, Rey C, Hansen B W, Tande K. 2000. Importance of food quantity to structural growth rate and neutral lipid reserves accumulated in Calanus finmarchicus. Marine Biology, 136(6): 1 057-1 073, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270000292.
Irigoien X. 2004. Some ideas about the role of lipids in the life cycle of Calanus finmarchicus. Journal of Plankton Research, 26(3): 259-263, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh030.
Jónasdóttir S H, Visser A W, Richardson K, Heath M R. 2015. Seasonal copepod lipid pump promotes carbon sequestration in the deep North Atlantic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(39): 12 122-12 126, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512110112.
Kattner G, Krause M. 1987. Changes in lipids during the development of Calanus finmarchicus s.l. from Copepodid I to adult. Marine Biology, 96(4): 511-518, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397968.
Koussoroplis A M, Nussbaumer J, Arts M T, Guschina I A, Kainz M J. 2014. Famine and feast in a common freshwater calanoid: Effects of diet and temperature on fatty acid dynamics of Eudiaptomus gracilis. Limnology and Oceanography, 59(3): 947-958, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.3.0947.
Lee R F, Hagen W, Kattner G. 2006. Lipid storage in marine zooplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 307: 273-306, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps307273.
Lee R F, Nevenzel J C, Paffenhöfer G A. 1971. Importance of wax esters and other lipids in the marine food chain: phytoplankton and copepods. Marine Biology, 9(2): 99-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00348249.
Liu M T, Li C L, Sun S. 2011. Identification of trophic relationships between marine algae and the copepod Calanus sinicus in a fatty acid approach. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(4): 933-942. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Mayor D J, Anderson T R, Pond D W, Irigoien X. 2009. Egg production and associated losses of carbon, nitrogen and fatty acids from maternal biomass in Calanus finmarchicus before the spring bloom. Journal of Marine Systems, 78(4): 505-510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.019.
Napolitano G E. 1999. Fatty acids as trophic and chemical markers in freshwater ecosystems. In: Arts M T, Wainman B C eds. Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems, Springer, New York. p.21-44, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0547-0_3.
Ohman M D. 1997. On the determination of zooplankton lipid content and the occurrence of gelatinous copepods. Journal of Plankton Research, 19(9): 1 235-1 250, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/19.9.1235.
Parrish C C. 1999. Determination of total lipid, lipid classes, and fatty acids in aquatic samples. In: Arts M T, Wainman B C eds. Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems. Springer, New York. p.4-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0547-0_2.
Pepin P, Parrish C C, Head E J H. 2011. Late autumn condition of Calanus finmarchicus in the northwestern Atlantic: evidence of size-dependent differential feeding. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 423: 155-166, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08952.
Pond D W, Tarling G A. 2011. Phase transitions of wax esters adjust buoyancy in diapausing Calanoides acutus. Limnology and Oceanography, 56(4): 1 310-1 318, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.4.1310.
Rey-Rassat C, Irigoien X, Harris R, Head R, Carlotti F. 2002. Egg production rates of Calanus helgolandicus females reared in the laboratory: variability due to present and past feeding conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 238: 139-151, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps238139.
Sun S, Li C L, Sun J, Zhang H Y, Zhang G T. 2006. Feeding habits of Calanus sinicus (Crustacea: Copepoda) during spring and autumn in the Bohai Sea studied with the herbivore index. Scientia Marina, 70(3): 381-388.
Sun, S, Huo Y Z, Yang B. 2010. Zooplankton functional groups on the continental shelf of the yellow sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57(11-12): 1 006-1 016.
Uye S I. 1988. Temperature-dependent development and growth of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the laboratory. Hydrobiologia, 167-168(1): 285-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026316.
Wang S W, Li C L, Sun S, Ning X R, Zhang W C. 2009. Spring and autumn reproduction of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 379: 123-133, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07902.
Wang Y Q, Li C L, Liu M T, Jin X. 2017. Lipids and fatty acids in Calanus sinicus during oversummering in the southern Yellow Sea. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 35(4): 874-882, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-017-5351-y.
Xu Z L, Chen B J. 2007. Seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea) in the East China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 26(3): 150-159.
Zhou K L, Sun S, Wang M X, Wang S W, Li C L. 2016. Differences in the physiological processes of Calanus sinicus inside and outside the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. Journal of Plankton Research, 38(3): 551-563, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbw011.
Zhou K L, Sun S. 2017. Effect of diurnal temperature difference on lipid accumulation and development in Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida). Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 35(4): 745-753, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-017-6039-z.