Relationship between environmental factors and plankton in the Bayuquan Port, Liaodong Bay, China: a five-year study -- Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2016,34(4):654-671

	Cite this paper:
	SONG Lun, YANG Guojun, WANG Nianbin, LU Xiaoqian. Relationship between environmental factors and plankton in the Bayuquan Port, Liaodong Bay, China: a five-year study[J]. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2016, 34(4): 654-671

Relationship between environmental factors and plankton in the Bayuquan Port, Liaodong Bay, China: a five-year study

SONG Lun¹, YANG Guojun², WANG Nianbin¹, LU Xiaoqian²

1 Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China;
2 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China

Abstract:

To understand the relationship between the plankton community and environmental factors and water quality in the Bayuquan Port of Liaodong Bay, China, and investigations were carried out during six different periods (April 2009, April 2010, October 2011, April 2012, October 2012, and April 2013). This area was characterized by high levels of nutrient and suspended solids (SPS) during survey periods, and eutrophication led to the occurrence of red tides in April and October 2012 and April 2013. Our analyses revealed that the plankton communities of Bayuquan Port lacked stability and were affected seriously by external disturbance (e.g., oceanographic engineering and river runoff). Our data indicate that oil, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), SPS, and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were key factors that regulated the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The partial redundancy analysis (partial RDA) suggested that oil and SPS were the most important environmental variables affecting the phytoplankton community in April 2010 and 2012, whereas DIN concentration played a governing role in zooplankton dynamics. Oil and Chl-a concentrations affected significantly the zooplankton community in October 2012. Therefore, the plankton communities could reflect both dynamic changes in coastal environmental factors and the ongoing eutrophication process caused by anthropogenic activities in this area.

Received: 2015-02-11 Revised: 2015-03-27

Tools

PDF (615 KB) Free

Print this page

Add to favorites

Email this article to others

Authors

Articles by SONG Lun

Articles by YANG Guojun

Articles by WANG Nianbin

Articles by LU Xiaoqian

References:
Ananthan G A, Sampathkumar P, Soundarapandian P, Kannan L. 2005. Observation on environmental characteristics of Ariyankuppam estuary and Veerampattinam coast of Pondicherry, India. J. Aqua. Biol., 19 (2): 67-72.
Anderson D M, Glibert P M, Burkholder J M. 2002. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries, 25 (4): 704-726.
Arruda J A, Marzolf G R, Faulk R T. 1983. The role of suspended sediments in the nutrition of zooplankton in turbid reservoirs. Ecology, 64 (5): 1 225-1 235.
Bathmann U V, Noji T T, von Bodungen B. 1990. Copepod grazing potential in late winter in the Norwegian Sea-a factor in the control of spring phytoplankton growth? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 60: 225-233.
Bi H S, Sun S, Gao S W, Zhang G T. 2001. The ecological characteristics of zooplankton community in the Bohai Sea II: the distribution of copepoda abundance and seasonal dynamics. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21 (2): 177-185. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Bilotta G S, Brazier R E. 2008. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water. Res., 42 (12): 2 849-2 861.
Buruaem L M, Hortellani M A, Sarkis J E, Costa-Lotufo L V, Abessa D M S. 2012. Contamination of port zone sediments by metals from Large Marine Ecosystems of Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 64 (3): 479-488.
Cao C H, Huang J, Guo M K, Jiang C B, Li P S. 2005. The analysis of red tide and environmental factor in Bayuquan, Liaodong Bay. Mar ine Forecasts, 22 (2): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Casé M, Leça E E, Leitão S N, Sant'Anna E E, Schwamborn R, de Moraes Junior A T. 2008. Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 56 (7): 1 343-1 352.
Condon R H, Duarte C M, Pitt K A et al. 2013. Recurrent jellyfish blooms are a consequence of global oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110 (3): 1 000-1 005.
Dam H G, Peterson W T. 1993. Seasonal contrasts in the diel vertical distribution, feeding behavior, and grazing impact of the copepod Temora longicornis in Long Island Sound. J. Mar. Res., 51 (3): 561-594.
Darbra R M, Ronza A, Casal J, Stojanovic T A, Wooldridge C. 2004. The self diagnosis method: a new methodology to assess environmental management in sea ports. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 48 (5-6): 420-428.
Debelius B, Forja J M, DelValls Á, Lubián L M. 2009. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper and lead in five marine microalgae. Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 72 (5): 1 503-1 513.
DelValls T A, Conradi M, Garcia-Adiego E, Forja J M, Gómez-Parra A. 1998. Analysis of macrobenthic community structure in relation to different environmental sources of contamination in two littoral ecosystems from the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain). Hydrobiologia, 385 (1-3): 59-70.
Duan L Q, Song J M, Li X G, Yuan H M, Xu S S. 2010. Distribution of selenium and its relationship to the ecoenvironment in Bohai Bay seawater. Mar. Chem., 121 (1-4): 87-99.
Ferraro S P, Swartz R C, Cole F A, Schults D W. 1991. Temporal changes in the benthos along a pollution gradient: discriminating the effect of natural phenomena from sewage-industrial wastewater effects. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S ci., 33 (4): 383-407.
Fietz S, Kobanova G, Izmest'eva L, Nicklisch A. 2005. Regional, vertical and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and photosynthetic pigments in Lake Baikal. J. Plankton Res., 27 (8): 793-810.
Gao S L, Liu N, Sun L H. 1994. The construction and its development of the overseas transport system in northeast China. Chin. Geogr. Sci., 4 (1): 19-30.
Gaonkar C A, Krishnamurthy V, Anil A C. 2010. Changes in the abundance and composition of zooplankton from the ports of Mumbai, India. Environ. Monit. Assess., 168 (1-4): 179-194.
GB 17378.6-2007. The specification for marine monitoring—Part 6: organism analysis. China Standards Press, Beijing. p.1-79. (in Chinese)
GB 17378.4-2007. The specification for marine monitoring—Part 4: seawater analysis. China Standards Press, Beijing. p.1-162. (in Chinese)
GB 12763.6-2007. The specifications for marine biological survey of China—Part 6: marine biological survey. China Standard Press, Beijing. p.1-157. (in Chinese)
Glibert P M, Burkholder J M. 2006. The complex relationships between increases in fertilization of the earth, coastal eutrophication and proliferation of harmful algal blooms. In: Granéli E, Turner J T eds. Ecology of Harmful Algae. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. p.341-354.
HallegraeffG M. 2010. Ocean climate change, phytoplankton community responses, and harmful algal blooms: A formidable predictive challenge. J. Phycol., 46 (2): 220-235.
Hassan F M, Kathim N F, Hussein F H. 2008. Effect of chemical and physical properties of river water in Shatt Al-Hilla on phytoplankton communities. J. Chem., 5 (2): 323-330.
Herrera-Silveira J A, Morales-Ojeda S M. 2009. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 59 (1-3): 72-86.
Hill M O, Gauch Jr H E J. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio, 42 (1-3): 47-58.
Hinder S L, Hays G C, Edwards M, Roberts E C, Walne A W, Gravenor M B. 2012. Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nat. Climate Change, 2 (4): 271-275.
Hong H S, Shang S L, Huang B Q. 1999. An estimate on external fluxes of phosphorus and its environmental significance in Xiamen Western Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 39 (1-2): 200-204.
Iguchi N, Ikeda T. 1998. Elemental composition (C, H, N) of the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica in Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea. Plankton Biol. Ecol., 45 (1): 79-84.
Ikeda T, Shiga N. 1999. Production, metabolism and production/biomass (P / B) ratio of Themisto japonica (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in Toyama Bay, southern Japan Sea. J. Plankton Res., 21 (2): 299-308.
Jiang Z B, Zhu X Y, Gao Y, Chen Q Z, Zeng J N, Zhu G H. 2013. Spatio-temporal distribution of net-collected phytoplankton community and its response to marine exploitation in Xiangshan Bay. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 31 (4): 762-773.
Jolliffe I T. 1986. Principal Component Analysis. Springer, New York, Berlin, Germany. p.1-7.
Karthik R, Arun Kumar M, Sai Elangovan S, Siva Sankar R, Padmavati G. 2012. Phytoplankton abundance and diversity in the coastal waters of Port Blair, South Andaman Island in relation to environmental variables. J. Mar. Biol. Oceanogr., 1: 2.
Kim M, Hong S H, Won J, Yim U H, Jung J H, Ha S Y, An J G, Joo C, Kim E, Han G M, Baek S, Choi H W, Shim W J. 2013. Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations in the intertidal seawater after the Hebei Spirit oil spill—effect of tidal cycle on the TPH concentrations and the chromatographic characterization of seawater extracts. Water Res., 47 (2): 758-768.
Leira M, Sabater S. 2005. Diatom assemblages distribution in Catalan Rivers, NE Spain, in relation to chemical and physiographical factors. Water Res., 39 (1): 73-82.
Lim P T, Usup G, Leaw C P, Ogata T. 2005. First report of Alexandrium taylori and Alexandrium peruvianum (Dinophyceae) in Malaysia waters. Harmful Algae, 4 (2): 391-400.
Liu D Y, Keesing J K, Xing Q G, Shi P. 2009. World's largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 58 (6): 888-895.
Luan S, Gong X Z, Shuang X Z, Gao W, Yin B S, Xing Y Z. 2009. Investigation of net-phytoplankton community structure in Liaodong Bay in spring of 2009. Mar. Sci., 3 6 (5): 57-64. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lynam C P, Lilley M K S, Bastian T, Doyle T K, Beggs S E, Hays G C. 2011. Have jellyfish in the Irish Sea benefited from climate change and overfishing? Global Change Biol., 17 (2): 767-782.
Magni P, Como S, Montani S, Tsutsumi H. 2006. Interlinked temporal changes in environmental conditions, chemical characteristics of sediments and macrofaunal assemblages in an estuarine intertidal sandflat (Seto Inland Sea, Japan). Mar. Biol., 149 (5): 1 185-1 197.
Magni P, Micheletti S, Casu D, Floris A, Giordani G, Petrov A N, De Falco G, Castelli A. 2005. Relationships between chemical characteristics of sediments and macrofaunal communities in the Cabras lagoon (Western Mediterranean, Italy). Hydrobiologia, 550 (1): 105-119.
McGlathery K J, Sundbäck K, Anderson I C. 2007. Eutrophication in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: the role of plants in the coastal filter. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 348: 1-18.
Moore S K, Mantua N J, Hickey B M, Trainer V L. 2009. Recent trends in paralytic shellfish toxins in Puget Sound, relationships to climate, and capacity for prediction of toxic events. Harmful Algae, 8 (3): 463-477.
Morales C E, Bedo A, Harris R P, Tranter P R G. 1991. Grazing of copepod assemblages in the north-east Atlantic: the importance of the small size fraction. J. Plankton Res., 13 (2): 455-472.
Nowrouzi S, Valavi H. 2011. Effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton abundance and diversity in Kaftar Lake. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 6 (2): 130-140.
Paerl H W. 1997. Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as “new” nitrogen and other nutrient sources. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42 (5): 1 154-1 165.
Patil J S, Anil A C. 2011. Variations in phytoplankton community in a monsoon-influenced tropical estuary. Environ. Monit. Assess., 182 (1-4): 291-300.
Peng C R, Zhang L, Zheng Y Z, Li D H. 2013. Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in response to the variation of environmental factors in the Gaolan River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 31 (4): 737-749.
Peng S T, Qin X B, Shi H H, Zhou R, Dai M X, Ding D W. 2012. Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 64 (5): 941-948.
Pereira C D S, de Souza Abessa D M, Bainy A C D, Zaroni L P, Gasparro M R, Bicego M C, Taniguchi S, Furley T H, de Sousa E C P M. 2007. Integrated assessment of multilevel biomarker responses and chemical analysis in mussels from São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 26 (3): 462-469.
Pinkas L, Oliphant M S, Iverson I L K. 1971. Food habits of albacore, Bluefin tuna, and bonito in California waters. Fish Bull., 152: 1-105.
Praveena S M, Aris A Z. 2013. A baseline study of tropical coastal water quality in Port Dickson, Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 67 (1-2): 196-199.
Raghukumar S, Anil A C. 2003. Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: a perspective. Curr. Sci. India, 84 (7): 884-892.
Reid P C, Edwards M, Hunt H G, Warner A J. 1998. Phytoplankton change in the North Atlantic. Nature, 391 (6667): 546.
Riba I, García-Luque E, Blasco J, DelValls T A. 2003. Bioavailability of heavy metals bound to estuarine sediments as a function of pH and salinity values. Chem. Spec. Bioavailab., 15 (4): 101-114.
Rossi N, Jamet J L. 2008. In situ heavy metals (copper, lead and cadmium) in different plankton compartments and suspended particulate matter in two coupled Mediterranean coastal ecosystems (Toulon Bay, France). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 56 (11): 1 862-1 870.
Ruggieri N, Castellano M, Capello M, Maggi S, Povero P. 2011. Seasonal and spatial variability of water quality parameters in the Port of Genoa, Italy, from 2000 to 2007. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 62 (2): 340-349.
Sahu B K, Begum M, Khadanga M K, Jha D K, Vinithkumar N V, Kirubagaran R. 2013. Evaluation of significant sources influencing the variation of physico-chemical parameters in Port Blair Bay, South Andaman, India by using multivariate statistics. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 66 (1-2): 246-251.
Salmaso N, Braioni M G. 2008. Factors controlling the seasonal development and distribution of the phytoplankton community in the lowland course of a large river in northern Italy (River Adige). Aquat. Ecol., 42 (4): 533-545.
Satapoomin S. 1999. Carbon content of some common tropical Andaman Sea copepods. J. Plankton Res., 21 (11): 2 117-2 123.
Sellner K G, Doucette G J, Kirkpatrick G J. 2003. Harmful algal blooms: causes, impacts and detection. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot., 30 (7): 383-406.
Shapiro J. 1997. The role of carbon dioxide in the initiation and maintenance of blue-green dominance in lakes. Freshwater Biol., 37 (2): 307-323.
Simeonov V, Stratis J A, Samara C, Zachariadis G, Voutsa D, Anthemidis A, Sofoniou M, Kouimtzis Th. 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in northern Greece. Water Res., 37 (17): 4 119-4 124.
Singh K P, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S. 2004. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India) — a case study. Water Res., 38 (18): 3 980-3 992.
Song L, Zhou Z C, Wang N B, Ma Z Q, Xue K, Deng H, Tian J, Yang S. 2007. Phytoplankton diversity of Liaodong Bay and relationship with ocean environmental factors. Mar. Environ. Sci., 26 (4): 365-368. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Song L, Zhou Z C, Wang N B, Ma Z Q, Xue K, Tian J, Yang S, Wang Z H, Wu J H. 2010. Zooplankton diversity of Liaodong Bay and relationship with oceanic environmental factors. Mar. Sci., 34 (3): 35-39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
State Ocean Administration. 2000. Bulletin of China Ocean Environmental State at the End of the 20th Century, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)
Strathmann R R. 1967. Estimating the organic carbon content of phytoplankton from cell volume or plasma volume. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12 (3): 411-418.
Strickland J D H. 1970. The ecology of the plankton offLa Jolla, California, in the period April through September, 1967. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., 17: 1-10.
Sun J, Liu D Y, Qian S B. 1999. Study on phytoplankton biomass I: phytoplankton measurement biomass from cell volume or plasma volume. Acta Oceanol. Sin., 21 (2): 75-85. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Sündermann J, Feng S Z. 2004. Analysis and modelling of the Bohai sea ecosystem — a joint German-Chinese study. J. Marine Syst., 44 (3-4): 127-140.
Tang D L, Ni I H, Müller-Karger F E, Liu Z J. 1998. Analysis of annual and spatial patterns of CZCS-derived pigment concentration on the continental shelf of China. Cont. Shelf Res., 18 (12): 1 493-1 515.
Tang Q. 2004. Study on Ecosystem Dynamics in Coastal Ocean. III, Atlas of the Resources and Environment in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea Ecosystem. Science Press, Beijing, China. 398p. (in Chinese)
Tas B, Gonulol A. 2007. An ecologic and taxonomic study on phytoplankton of a shallow lake, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 28 (2): 439-445.
Tian Y Q, Huang B Q, Yu C C, Chen N W, Hong H S. 2014. Dynamics of phytoplankton communities in the Jiangdong Reservoir of Jiulong River, Fujian, South China. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 32 (2): 255-265.
Tiselius P. 1988. Effects of diurnal feeding rhythms, species composition and vertical migration on the grazing impact of calanoid copepods in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. Ophelia, 28 (3): 215-230.
Twist H, Edwards A C, Codd G A. 1998. Algal growth responses to waters of contrasting tributaries of the river Dee, north-east Scotland. Water Res., 32 (8): 2 471-2 479.
Wang J. 2003. Species composition and quantity variation of phytoplankton in inshore waters of the Bohai Sea. Mar. Fish. Res., 24 (4): 44-50. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang R F, Yu G Z. 1997. The open port system in northeast China. Chin. Geogr. Sci., 7 (3): 270-277.
Wang S F, Tang D L, He F L, Fukuyo Y, Azanza R V. 2008. Occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) associated with ocean environments in the South China Sea. Hydrobiologia, 596 (1): 79-93.
Wang X L, Cui Z G, Guo Q, Han X R, Wang J T. 2009. Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China. Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol., 27 (1): 177-183.
Wang X, Xu Z F, Zhou X J. 1995. Benthic animal survey in Yantai inshores. Chin. J. Ecol., 14 (1): 6-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Warwick R M. 1986. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Mar. Biol., 92 (4): 557-562.
Worm B, Barbier E B, Beaumont N, Duffy J E, Folke C, Halpem B S, Jackson J B C, Lotze H K, Micheli F,
Palumbi S R, Sala E, Selkoe K A, Stachowicz J J, Watson R. 2006. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 314 (5800): 787-790.
Wu M L, Wang Y S, Sun C C, Wang H L, Dong J D, Yin J P,
Han S H. 2010. Identification of coastal water quality by statistical analysis methods in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 60 (6): 852-860.
Yemane D, Field J G, Leslie R W. 2005. Exploring the effects of fishing on fish assemblages using Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) curves. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 62 (3): 374-379.
Yin C L, Zhang Q F, Liu Y, Cui J, He R. 2014. Red tide occurrence and eutrophication status in the red tide monitoring area of Bohai Bay in 2012. Transactions of Oceanology Limnology, 37 (1): 137-142. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang J, Yu Z G, Raabe T, Liu S M, Starke A, Zou L, Gao H W, Brockmann U. 2004. Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters. J. Marine Syst., 44 (3-4): 189-212.
Zhang J C, Zeng G M, Chen Y N, Yu M, Yu Z, Li H, Yu Y, Huang H L. 2011. Effects of physico-chemical parameters on the bacterial and fungal communities during agricultural waste composting. Bioresour. Technol., 102 (3): 2 950-2 956.
Zhang X, Dam H G, White J R, Roman M R. 1995. Latitudinal variations in mesozooplankton grazing and metabolism in the central tropical Pacific during the U.S. JGOFS EqPac study. Deep Sea Res earch P ar t II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 42 (2-3): 695-714.
Zheng G X, Li Y J, Qi L L, Liu X M, Wang H, Yu S P, Wang Y H. 2014. Marine phytoplankton motility sensor integrated into a microfluidic chip for high-throughput pollutant toxicity assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 84 (1-2): 147-154.
Zuo T, Wang J, Jin X S, Li Z Y, Tang Q S. 2008. Biomass size spectra of net plankton in the adjacent area near the Yangtze River Estuary in spring. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28 (3): 1 174-1 182.